This is a basic
requirement of officials in traditional Chinese political philosophy.
Essentially it advocates the spirit of an official who does not abuse power to seek
personal benefit, who works wholeheartedly for the public, who never shirks
responsibility and is dedicated to service even if it requires self-sacrifice.
Family-state referred to the land owned by feudal lords and officials in ancient China. The land of a feudal lord was called “state” and the land of an official was called “family.” In ancient China, family, clan and country shared common structural features, all founded on the basis of blood relationships. This is the so-called “commensurability of family and state.” Family-state later referred to the entire territory of a country. In modern times, the term is also used to denote a polity encompassing a territory, a people, and a government.
Confucianists believe that the aim of a government official is to have people live in peace and contentment. Officials must always bear in mind the people’s well-being, be concerned about their suffering, and do their best to keep them free from misery. This embodies the Confucian concept of “benevolent governance,” a fine Chinese ethical tradition and the responsibility of those with lofty ideals, working for social prosperity and the people’s well-being. This concept is well expressed in the line “Worry before everyone else has to worry, and feel happy only after everyone else can feel happy” in “Memorial to Yueyang Tower” written by Fan Zhongyan ( 989 -1052 ), an eminent minister of the Song Dynasty.
To rule a state, use the methods for governing a state. To rule a country, use the methods for governing a country. Guanzi (?-645 BC) held that a ruler must not use the methods for governing a clan to rule a town, nor use the methods for governing a town to rule a state, nor use the methods for governing a state to rule a country. One must change one’s methods of governance according to differences in the area under one’s rule. One must broaden one’s vision and mind as the area under one’s rule expands. In modern language, the “state” could be interpreted as a country, and the “country” as the world.