The ignorant should be enlightened through education so that they will follow the right path. (One opinion is that this must begin from early childhood.) Meng (蒙 ignorance) here refers to the naivety of the young and their lack of knowledge. Yang (养) means education. Zheng (正) suggests the right path, the proper way, and upright conduct. This term, which underlies Chinese pedagogy, stresses the importance of function and value of education.
Shaping the mind through education was a key concept of the political philosophy and an essential way of governance in ancient China. Rulers usually used a combination of means, both visible and invisible, to subtly spread their values among people so that these values would be observed in people’s daily life, leading to integration of governance and social mores. These means include issuing administrative decrees, conducting moral education, creating a favorable environment, disseminating popular literature that promoted ethical values, and selecting officials through imperial examinations.
The term is used to describe efforts to teach people essential ideals and principles of renwen (人文) and guide them to embrace goodness with the aim of building a harmonious – albeit hierarchical – social order, according to the level of development of a civilization and the specifics of the society. Renwen refers to poetry, books, social norms, music, law, and other non-material components of civilization. Hua (化) means to edify the populace; cheng (成) refers to the establishment or prosperity of rule by civil means (as opposed to force). The concept emphasizes rule by civil means, and is another expression of the Chinese concept of “civilization.”