The term yilun (彝伦), which corresponds to constant relations, first appears in The Book of History. In Chinese antiquity, it was believed that the relations of human life followed certain constant laws or yilun, which were derived from the imitation of and compliance with the heavenly way, and thus reflected the authority of Heaven. Yilun regulated the relations of human life and guaranteed its order. The primary task of the rulers, especially the Son of Heaven, was to grasp and follow these constant laws.
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Jizi thereupon said: “I once heard that Gun misused the five elements, i.e., wood, fire, earth, metal and water, in his efforts to control the floods. The Ruler of Heaven was furious and deprived him of all the Nine Great Rules. As a result, the constant laws of statecraft fell into ruin. Gun was exiled until his death. His son Yu took over his father’s duties and became very successful in harnessing the floods. Heaven bestowed the Nine Great Rules on him. Consequently, the constant laws of statecraft were restored to order.”