This term originally referred to intelligent and noble-minded human beings and later came to also cover the writings and articles created by them. These writings and articles were seen as embodying human vision, with literary grace or fine adornment. Liu Xie (465?-520? or 532?) of the Southern Dynasties, author of The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons, pointed out in the “Origin of Dao” section of that book the artistic grace, namely, the outward beauty, exists in all things in the world. “Since even non-human objects have a graceful style, how can humans, intelligent and full of vision, be without beautiful writing?” Liu’s argument is made abundantly clear here, which is that humans are naturally inclined to pursue outward beauty. This is the anthropological basis for the creation of beauty in literary and artistic works as well as literary styles.