KEY CONCEPTS

TERMBASES

Self-discipline / Self-control

The ability to control one’s self includes cultivating one’s mind, controlling one’s behavior, and managing one’s affairs. Politically, it falls into the category of “rule by man,” in which the ruler exercises strict self-discipline and sets an example, so that the people also manage their affairs properly. This leads to positive social governance. In modern times, zizhi (自治) is used as the counterpart of “autonomy” or “self-government,” so it has become a political concept. It means that, within a state, ethnic groups, geographic regions and civil groupings have a certain amount of administrative independence while still following national, government and organizational regulations, e.g., “local autonomy,” and “regional ethnic autonomy.”

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Therefore, a wise ruler knows that since the people will follow his preferences, norms and rules to guide and limit his personal thought and action must be set.
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Therefore, the people will emulate the ways of the ruler to manage themselves.
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Whether managing others or controlling one’s self, ruling here or there, dealing with small or large matters, governing the country or directing a household, success depends on conforming to concrete conditions, otherwise all efforts will fail.
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