Sages knew about the harm when one’s mind is confused by enigmas. Attention should not be limited only to likes or dislikes, the beginnings or the ends of things, the things at hand or those far away, the extensive or the shallow aspects of things, the ancient or the present. Instead, all things need to be arrayed and then judged by a fixed standard. In this way, one can avoid one- sided knowledge of things and consequently misunderstanding of their order, due to the many differences between them. (Xunzi)